Hematoma epidural (EDH) en países de ingresos medios y bajos (LMICs): una revisión sistemática de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63969/qqf1pq35Palabras clave:
Hematoma epidural, traumatismo craneoencefálico, neurocirugía globalResumen
El hematoma epidural (EDH) es una emergencia neuroquirúrgica asociada a una alta tasa de mortalidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir la incidencia, manejo y desenlaces clínicos del EDH en países de ingresos medio-bajo (LMIC) y bajos (LIC). Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales que reportan incidencia, tasa de operación y mortalidad en pacientes >15 años con EDH. Resultados: Se incluyeron 19 estudios con 4 481 pacientes, 66.7% fueron hombres, con predominio de adultos jóvenes. La incidencia global fue de 8.1% entre LMIC/LIC (p=0.42%). La tasa operatoria fue significativamente menor en LIC (42%; p=0.003**). Por último, la mortalidad en no operados alcanzó 89.1% en LIC (p=0.006*). La certeza global de la evidencia fue baja debido a la heterogeneidad y riesgo de sesgo. Conclusiones: Los desenlaces del EDH dependen del acceso a quirófano y diagnóstico oportuno por neuroimagen. Es imprescindible fortalecer los sistemas de neurología a nivel global para reducir muertes prevenibles en LMIC/LIC.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Angelo Israel Garcia Purcachi , Genesis Elena Franco Aguayo, Denisse Katherine Pinzon Moran, Jimmy Fernando Yaguana Torres, Christian David Cevallos Mendoza, Israel Rollin Guerrero Ulloa (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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