Prophylactic and Therapeutic HPV Vaccines: Advances in Immunogenomics and Perspectives for Cervical Cancer Prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63969/1m8ect73Keywords:
HPV, prophylactic vaccines, therapeutic vaccines, immunogenomics, cervical cancerAbstract
Cervical cancer remains one of the leading preventable causes of mortality among women worldwide, despite the availability of highly effective prophylactic vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV). This review analyzes recent advances in prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines, emphasizing the role of immunogenomics as a key tool to optimize vaccine design and application. Current evidence on the effectiveness of prophylactic vaccines in reducing HPV prevalence and precancerous lesions is examined, along with the potential of therapeutic candidates to treat persistent infections and high-grade lesions. Regional inequalities in vaccination coverage and logistical barriers in immunization programs, especially in low-resource settings, are discussed. Additionally, the integration of immunogenomic profiling is explored as an emerging strategy to enable more personalized and effective prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. This review underscores the need to combine vaccination, organized screening, and equitable access to achieve cervical cancer elimination as a public health problem within this century. It concludes that synergy between scientific innovation, effective public policy, and international cooperation will be essential to translate advances into real protection for all populations.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Angel Velasco Espinal, Bryan César Maximiliano Orozco Pérez, Abril Samantha Hernández Silva, Karen Vázquez Salgado, Tabatha Olvera López, Angélica Gopar Díaz, Aleidy Abril Rentería Osorio (Autor/a)
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