Comparison between Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in the Context of Higher Education

Abstract

The integration of emerging technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), has revolutionised the teaching and learning process in higher education, providing students with the opportunity to interact dynamically with content and promoting a deeper understanding of complex topics. These technologies are characterised by their distinct technological features and pedagogical approaches: AR overlays virtual elements onto the real environment, facilitating an immediate connection between theory and practice, while VR creates entirely digital environments that enable immersive experiences. This comparative analysis aims to identify the pedagogical and methodological advantages of each technology, evaluating their impact on learning, motivation, and skill development in various university contexts. Through a systematic literature review based on the PRISMA methodology, key trends have been identified, such as the improvement in the understanding of complex concepts and the increase in student motivation, as well as the need for adequate technological infrastructure and teacher training. The study concludes that AR is more suitable for disciplines that require interaction with the physical environment, while VR is more prominent in areas that require immersive simulations, such as medicine or engineering.