Biodegradación de plásticos farmacéuticos por bacterias nativas: evaluación experimental de la eficiencia y el potencial ambiental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71068/w0tapa42Palabras clave:
Biodegradación, Plásticos farmacéuticos, Bacterias nativas, Consorcio bacteriano, Gestión de residuosResumen
El uso intensivo de plásticos farmacéuticos, como blísteres multicapa y empaques médicos, ha contribuido a la contaminación plástica persistente debido a la disposición inadecuada y a las limitadas opciones de reciclaje. Este estudio evaluó el potencial de biodegradación de cepas bacterianas nativas aisladas de suelos de relleno sanitario y lodos residuales locales. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Ideonella sakaiensis y Bacillus subtilis se identificaron como cepas clave con capacidad selectiva para degradar polietileno (PE), PET y polipropileno (PP), respectivamente. Combinadas en un consorcio bacteriano, mostraron tasas de degradación significativamente superiores a las de cultivos individuales. El análisis experimental incluyó mediciones de pérdida de peso, ensayos de actividad enzimática, microscopía electrónica de barrido para confirmar erosión superficial y pruebas de evolución de CO₂ en microcosmos de suelo semi-naturales. Los resultados demuestran que los consorcios bacterianos nativos pueden descomponer plásticos farmacéuticos de forma eficaz, generando mineralización y daño estructural. Este hallazgo sugiere que las comunidades bacterianas locales pueden aplicarse como alternativa biotecnológica viable para complementar estrategias tradicionales de manejo de residuos plásticos. Se recomienda realizar estudios de escalamiento en campo y en biorreactores piloto para validar su eficacia en condiciones reales.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Jorge Angel Velasco Espinal, Jorge Arizmendi García, Guillermo Camacho Alcantara, Guadalupe Angeles Chimal, Daniel Alberto Madrid Gonzalez, Katerin Alvarado Echeona (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). Esta licencia permite a terceros descargar, copiar, distribuir, adaptar y reutilizar una obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue el crédito adecuado al autor original.
