Correlation between haematological biomarkers and metabolic diseases in adult patients attending clinical laboratories

Abstract

Metabolic diseases constitute a growing public health concern due to their chronic, progressive and multifactorial nature, as well as their close association with cardiovascular, renal and hepatic complications. Conditions such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and dyslipidaemia share disturbances in glucolipid homeostasis and persistent low-grade systemic inflammation, linked to insulin resistance, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. These processes may be reflected in quantitative and qualitative alterations in haematological biomarkers, which hold diagnostic and prognostic value in clinical practice. This study systematically and critically analysed the available scientific evidence through a descriptive–analytical design structured in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, aiming to identify reported statistical associations, related pathophysiological mechanisms and potential clinical implications. The findings demonstrate consistent correlations between routinely assessed haematological parameters and metabolic disturbances, indicating that their integrated interpretation enhances early detection, cardiometabolic risk stratification and the optimisation of clinical decision-making in the adult population.