Enfoques latinoamericanos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación: claves políticas y operativas para impulsar la transformación social
Palabras clave:
Ciencia, Tecnología, InnovaciónResumen
En América Latina, la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación requieren ser replanteadas desde un enfoque propio y crítico, acorde con los contextos sociales, culturales y económicos de la región. Aun cuando se han registrado progresos, persisten limitaciones notorias como la dependencia de esquemas externos de evaluación, la insuficiencia de financiamiento para proyectos prioritarios y la ausencia de condiciones óptimas para la circulación y aplicación de los resultados científicos. Ante este panorama, se vuelve imprescindible robustecer las políticas públicas que garanticen mayor autonomía en la inversión y que estimulen la cooperación entre instituciones académicas y comunitarias. Ello implica valorar los conocimientos locales en diálogo con los avances tecnológicos, promoviendo una integración equitativa de la ciencia en la vida social. De esta manera, la región estaría en condiciones de producir innovaciones capaces de incidir tanto en el desarrollo académico como en el bienestar colectivo.
Referencias
Arocena, R., & Sutz, J. (2018). Mission-oriented policies and inclusive innovation in Latin America. Science and Public Policy, 45(4), 565–573.
Arocena, R., & Sutz, J. (2020). Science, technology and innovation policies in Latin America: Towards inclusion and equity. Science and Public Policy, 47(1), 15–25.
Arza, V., & Van Zwanenberg, P. (2019). Innovation in Latin America: Policies, politics and practices. Research Policy, 48(5), 1271–1285.
Avila, R., & Rodrigues, R. (2021). Digital transformation and inequality in Latin America. Information Technology for Development, 27(3), 569–587.
Bebbington, A., & Scurrah, M. (2018). Political settlements, natural resource extraction and inclusion in Peru. Journal of Development Studies, 54(10), 1880–1898.
Benavides, M., & León, J. (2020). Educational inequalities and ICT access in Latin America. International Journal of Educational Development, 78, 102256.
Bergamaschi, A., & Randazzo, T. (2021). Innovation systems and regional development in Latin America. Regional Studies, 55(9), 1604–1618.
Bernal, J., & Peña, J. (2022). Open science policies in Latin America: Advances and challenges. Journal of Science Policy & Governance, 20(1), 1–16.
Bianchi, C., & De Negri, F. (2019). Productivity and innovation in Brazilian firms. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 145, 449–460.
Bilotta, N., & Botti, F. (2020). 5G and development: Opportunities in Latin America. Journal of Cyber Policy, 5(3), 389–406.
Borges, C., & Britto, J. (2018). National innovation systems and industrial policy in Brazil. Innovation and Development, 8(2), 283–302.
Braverman, A., & Contreras, E. (2023). Research evaluation and local relevance in Latin America. Minerva, 61(4), 611–636.
Cadenas, H., & Pineda, P. (2019). University-industry linkages and development in Chile. Industry and Higher Education, 33(6), 389–401.
Cano, A., & Perrotti, D. (2021). Digital infrastructure gaps in Latin America and the Caribbean. Telecommunications Policy, 45(10), 102217.
Cardona, M., & Kretschmer, T. (2018). ICT and productivity: A review with evidence from emerging economies. Information Economics and Policy, 42, 20–35.
Carlotto, M. S. (2020). Peripheral knowledge production and global hierarchies. Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology and Society, 3(1), 195–210.
Casalet, M., & Buenrostro, E. (2019). STI policy and regional development in Mexico. Science and Public Policy, 46(5), 748–759.
Castells, M., & Himanen, P. (2019). Reconceptualizing development in the global digital era. Oxford University Press.
CEPAL. (2019). Brecha digital, inclusión y desarrollo en América Latina. Santiago: CEPAL.
CEPAL. (2020). Innovación para el desarrollo sostenible en América Latina. Santiago: CEPAL.
CEPAL. (2021). Transformación digital con igualdad. Santiago: CEPAL.
CEPAL. (2022). Ecosistemas de innovación y productividad regional. Santiago: CEPAL.
CEPAL. (2023). Políticas de CTI y reactivación sostenible post-pandemia. Santiago: CEPAL.
Chataway, J., Hanlin, R., & Kaplinsky, R. (2019). Inclusive innovation: Rethinking development. Oxford Development Studies, 47(1), 1–21.
Cirera, X., & Maloney, W. (2017/2018). The Innovation Paradox: Developing-country capabilities and the unrealized promise of innovation. World Bank.
Comisión Europea–JRC. (2020). Science for policy in Latin America. Brussels: JRC.
Confraria, H., & Vargas, F. (2019). Scientific research in Latin America: Productivity and collaboration. Scientometrics, 118(2), 463–482.
Crespi, G., & Dutrénit, G. (2019). National innovation systems in Latin America. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 29(5), 1299–1325.
Crespi, G., Navarro, J. C., & Zuñiga, P. (2020). Public support to innovation in Latin America. Industrial and Corporate Change, 29(5), 1181–1207.
Crespo, N., & Crespo, C. (2022). Digital skills and employability in Latin America. World Development, 149, 105709.
Dagnino, R. (2020). Science, technology and innovation for social inclusion in Latin America. Tapuya, 3(1), 176–194.
Da Silva, E., & Albuquerque, E. (2021). University research and patents in Brazil. Research Evaluation, 30(3), 350–362.
De Souza, P., & Packer, A. (2021). Open access and regional visibility: The SciELO case. Learned Publishing, 34(4), 524–533.
DNP Colombia. (2019). Política de CTI para la productividad y la equidad. Bogotá: DNP.
Dutz, M. (2018). Productivity growth in Latin America: Innovation, skills and digitalization. World Bank.
ECLAC–UNESCO. (2020). Education in the time of COVID-19. Santiago: ECLAC/UNESCO.
ECLAC–UNESCO. (2022). Digital education for inclusion and quality. Santiago: ECLAC/UNESCO.
Edwards, S., & Esquivel, G. (2021). Inequality, productivity and growth in Latin America. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 35(3), 25–50.
Erber, F. (2019). Industrial policy and innovation in Brazil. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 43(2), 315–338.
Etzkowitz, H., & Zhou, C. (2018). Triple Helix in developing regions. Industry and Higher Education, 32(3), 163–174.
Filgueiras, F., & Antunes, T. (2020). Digital government in Brazil: Advances and challenges. Government Information Quarterly, 37(4), 101460.
Freeman, C., & Soete, L. (2019). The economics of industrial innovation (4th ed.). Routledge.
Fressoli, M., Arza, V., & Thomas, H. (2021). Grassroots innovation in Latin America. Innovation and Development, 11(1), 1–20.
Gaillard, J., & Arvanitis, R. (2019). Science in the Global South: Collaboration patterns. Scientometrics, 119(1), 1–24.
Galiani, S., & Jaitman, L. (2020). Public R&D spending and productivity in Latin America. IDB Working Paper.
Garcia, C., & Ramos, A. (2022). Big data policy and ethics in Latin America. Information Systems Journal, 32(6), 1211–1233.
Gonzales, C., & Katz, J. (2019). Innovation and productivity in Chilean manufacturing. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 50, 27–40.
Grimaldi, R., & Grandi, A. (2020). University spin-offs and regional development in emerging economies. Technovation, 96–97, 102130.
Guimarães, J., & Figueiredo, P. (2018). Innovation capabilities in Brazilian mining. Resources Policy, 55, 123–133.
Heiss, C., & Vergara, R. (2021). Digital platforms and competition policy in Latin America. Journal of Antitrust Enforcement, 9(2), 334–357.
IDB. (2018). Rethinking productive development: Policies to promote growth. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank.
IDB. (2020). The orange economy: Innovation and creative industries in LAC. Washington, DC: IDB.
IDB. (2022). Skills for the future: Education and technology in LAC. Washington, DC: IDB.
IFC–World Bank. (2020). Digital connectivity and inclusion in Latin America. Washington, DC.
ILO. (2021). The future of work in Latin America: Digital transitions. Geneva: ILO.
INE/IBGE/INEGI (Red). (2019). Medición de la economía digital en ALC. Informe conjunto.
James, J. (2021). Digital divides and mobile broadband in the Global South. Telecommunications Policy, 45(6), 102143.
Katz, J. (2018). Structural change and innovation in Latin America. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 45, 1–9.
Katz, R., & Jung, J. (2021). The economic impact of broadband in LAC. Journal of Policy Modeling, 43(5), 1055–1075.
Kivimaa, P., & Kern, F. (2019). Mission-oriented innovation policy: Lessons for emerging economies. Research Policy, 48(4), 103–116.
Lamas, D., & Rivera, J. (2022). Regional innovation strategies in Andean countries. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 14(3), 403–422.
Licha, I., & Ortega, R. (2020). Innovation policy mixes in Mexico. Science and Public Policy, 47(6), 855–866.
Lundvall, B.-Å. (2019). National systems of innovation: Toward a theory of innovation and interactive learning (2nd ed.). Anthem.
Marin, A., & Navas-Alemán, L. (2021). STI policies in Latin America and sustainable development. Innovation and Development, 11(3), 425–444.
Martín, M., & Zabala-Iturriagagoitia, J. (2020). University–industry collaboration in Latin America. R&D Management, 50(3), 316–331.
Mazzucato, M. (2018). The entrepreneurial state (Updated ed.). Penguin.
Mazzucato, M. (2021). Mission Economy: A moonshot guide to changing capitalism. Allen Lane.
Meneses, K., & Cabral, C. (2022). AI adoption in public services in Brazil and Mexico. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 101729.
MIDC Ecuador. (2020). Agenda de Transformación Digital del Ecuador 2020–2025. Quito: MIC.
MINCYT Argentina. (2021). Plan Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2030. Buenos Aires: MINCYT.
MINEdu Perú & CONCYTEC. (2020). Política de CTI y educación digital. Lima: Gobierno del Perú.
Monge-González, R., & Hewitt, J. (2019). Innovation policy in Central America. Economía, 20(2), 1–32.
Navarro, J.-C., & Olivari, J. (2018). The innovation policy agenda in LAC. IDB Policy Brief.
OECD. (2019). Going Digital: Shaping policies, improving lives. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2020). STI Policy Outlook 2020. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2021). Latin American Economic Outlook: Working together for a better recovery. Paris: OECD.
OECD. (2023). Open and inclusive innovation. Paris: OECD.
Orozco, L. A., & Chavarro, D. (2021). Research evaluation in Colombia and Mexico. Research Evaluation, 30(4), 512–525.
Orozco, L. A., & Marmolejo, F. (2020). Internationalization and quality in Latin American universities. Higher Education Policy, 33(4), 735–753.
Pacheco, J., & Cruz, S. (2022). Data governance frameworks in Latin America. Policy & Internet, 14(3), 728–749.
Paus, E. (2019). Innovation, upgrading and development in Latin America. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 12(1), 77–95.
Pérez, C., & Soete, L. (2020). Sustainability and the new technological revolution. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 34, 1–3.
Perry, G., & Maloney, W. (2019). Productivity and the middle income trap in LAC. World Bank Research Observer, 34(2), 165–195.
Piketty, T., & Saez, E. (2020). Inequality and development in the 21st century. Annual Review of Economics, 12, 109–138.
Pinheiro, R., & Pillay, P. (2021). Universities and regional development in the Global South. Studies in Higher Education, 46(6), 1101–1116.
RICYT. (2020). El estado de la ciencia 2020: Indicadores iberoamericanos. Buenos Aires: RICYT.
RICYT. (2021). El estado de la ciencia 2021. Buenos Aires: RICYT.
Sánchez, A., & Rojas, F. (2023). Public procurement of innovation in Latin America. Innovation: Organization & Management, 25(2), 215–234.
Scimago Lab. (2021). SJR Country Rankings: Latin America. Madrid: SJR.
Seclen-Luna, J., & López-Montesinos, L. (2020). Innovation and SMEs in Peru. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 27(7), 1095–1114.
Stezano, F., & Yoguel, G. (2019). Capabilities and learning in Argentine manufacturing. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 29(5), 1431–1454.
Tapia, R., & Gómez, P. (2022). Digital inclusion policies in rural Latin America. Information Development, 38(4), 601–614.
Thomas, H., & Fressoli, M. (2018). Innovation and development in Latin America: The role of social technologies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 131, 158–168.
UNESCO. (2019). Global Education Monitoring Report 2019: Migration, displacement and education. Paris: UNESCO.
UNESCO. (2021). Science Report: The race against time for smarter development. Paris: UNESCO.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2023 Ana del Carmen Rodríguez Mireles , Luis Iván Porras Ramírez , Jorge Antonio Narváez Sánchez (Autor/a)

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en la revista se distribuyen bajo la licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). Esta licencia permite a terceros descargar, copiar, distribuir, adaptar y reutilizar una obra, incluso con fines comerciales, siempre que se otorgue el crédito adecuado al autor original.
