Mathematical models applied to solving real-world problems in educational settings

Abstract

The growing complexity of contemporary educational environments demands rigorous analytical approaches capable of interpreting pedagogical, cognitive, and organisational phenomena, and within this framework, mathematical models have become essential tools for describing, explaining, and anticipating dynamics that directly influence teaching and learning. Their use enables the examination of critical variables such as academic performance, classroom interaction, and learning progression, while also providing a robust foundation for informed decision-making, evidence-based action design, and the optimisation of educational management. Moreover, mathematical modelling supports an interdisciplinary perspective aligned with the contemporary demands of STEM education, as it fosters critical thinking, creativity, and the ability to address complex problems through formal processes of abstraction. Within this horizon, the study was carried out through a systematic review guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, ensuring rigour, transparency, and full traceability throughout the stages of searching, selecting, and synthesising scientific evidence. The resulting analysis made it possible to identify prevailing methodological approaches, emerging trends, and theoretical gaps, demonstrating that mathematical models hold significant pedagogical and analytical potential when applied in a contextualised, interdisciplinary manner aimed at strengthening theoretical understanding and advancing educational research.