Aportes de la neurociencia cognitiva al desarrollo de la lectura, la escritura y la atención escolar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63969/9qx46274Palabras clave:
aprendizaje significativo, neuroeducación, emociones, neuroplasticidad, gamificaciónResumen
La neuroeducación es un campo interdisciplinario que aúna la neurociencia cognitiva, la psicología y la pedagogía para explicar cómo aprende el cerebro y cómo esto puede aplicarse a la práctica educativa. En este artículo se trata sobre lo que la neurociencia ha descubierto sobre cómo aprendemos a leer y escribir, neuroplasticidad y emoción, estrategias neurodidácticas, juego y gamificación. Estudios recientes demuestran que leer y escribir activan muchas áreas del cerebro, y que aprender a través de los sentidos favorece la comprensión y la memoria. La neuroplasticidad plantea que el cerebro se reorganiza con base en la experiencia y que las emociones son motoras del aprendizaje significativo. En atención y memoria, los estudios indican la superioridad de las metodologías activas, la repetición espaciada y la evocación libre. Finalmente, el juego y la gamificación activan los circuitos dopaminérgicos, reforzando la motivación, la creatividad y la consolidación del aprendizaje. Entonces, la neuroeducación viene a ofrecer evidencias científicas para hacer de la pedagogía algo más humano, inclusivo y emocionalmente inteligente. La neuroeducación comprende que aprender no es un proceso puramente cognitivo, sino biológico y emocional, y que emoción, motivación y plasticidad cerebral son la base del aprendizaje significativo y para toda la vida.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Erika Sofía Segovia Arturo, Cristian Danilo Cañar Erazo, Milton Wilfrido Arévalo Guallpa, Lorena Elizabeth Guambaña Orellana (Autor/a)
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