Use of immersive technological tools (AR/VR) to enhance practical teaching in STEM environments

Abstract

The integration of immersive technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR), has significantly transformed practical teaching within STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) environments. These tools enable the creation of simulated and augmented settings that facilitate the visualisation and experimentation of complex phenomena which, due to limitations in infrastructure, cost, or safety, are challenging to address in traditional contexts. Consequently, STEM education is strengthened through more dynamic, interactive, and contextualised experiences, aligned with principles of meaningful and experiential learning. Despite technological advances, structural and pedagogical challenges remain, including insufficient physical laboratories, high costs, and traditional methodologies that hinder the connection between theory and practice, impacting both motivation and skills development. In response to this situation, the study adopted a systematic approach using the PRISMA protocol to identify, select, and analyse pertinent scientific research regarding the use of AR and VR in practical STEM teaching. The findings indicated that these technologies overcame traditional educational barriers by providing safe, interactive, and effective experiences to comprehend complex concepts and foster practical skills. In conclusion, AR and VR have proven to be valuable resources for enhancing practical teaching in STEM, improving educational quality and meeting contemporary demands for competency-based education and critical thinking.