Recent Advances in Personalized Cancer Therapy: From Genomics to Immunotherapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63969/v51b6194Keywords:
Personalized cancer therapy, Genomic profiling, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Tumor microenvironment, CAR T cellsAbstract
Recent advances in genomic profiling and immunotherapy have redefined the landscape of personalized cancer therapy, moving oncology closer to truly individualized treatment strategies. This narrative review synthesizes the latest evidence on how next-generation sequencing, biomarker validation, and immune-based interventions converge to improve clinical outcomes. Key genomic insights, including mutation analysis, tumor mutational burden, and microsatellite instability, are now routinely used to stratify patients and predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies such as CAR T cells. However, significant challenges persist, including tumor heterogeneity, resistance mechanisms, and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, which can limit the durability of immunotherapy responses. Combinatorial approaches—such as pairing ICIs with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors, or microenvironment modulators—are emerging as promising strategies to overcome these barriers. The review also highlights the role of advanced drug delivery systems and multi-omics integration as future directions to enhance precision and minimize off-target effects. Despite these advancements, disparities in global access and the need for robust multi-dimensional biomarkers remain critical issues. By consolidating current knowledge and outlining gaps and opportunities, this review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and equitable implementation to fully realize the potential of personalized cancer immunotherapy for diverse patient populations.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Jorge Angel Velasco Espinal, Julieth Natalia Gaviria Higuera, Juan Carlos Izquierdo Orozco, Noelia Arteaga Alvarado, José Alberto Trejo Santiago, Carlos David Molinero Bahena, Katerin Alvarado Echeona, Perla Itzel Montes Caballero (Autor/a)
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